British Journal of Global Ecology and Sustainable Development

FUNCTIONING OF ENGLISH BORROWED WORDS IN UZBEK AND DARI WRITTEN SOURCES

Muslih Ahmad Shikib — 2025-01-08

The study of English borrowed words in Uzbek and Dari written sources reveals significant insights into the linguistic adaptation and cultural integration processes in these languages. This paper explores how English terms are incorporated into Uzbek and Dari texts, examining the phonological, morphological, and semantic adjustments that occur. In Uzbek, the assimilation of English vocabulary is often observed in areas related to technology, business, and media, with modifications made to align with the phonetic system of the language. Dari, influenced by English primarily in scientific and academic contexts, shows a similar pattern of adaptation, though the integration is often more direct due to the structural and phonological similarities with English. Through comparative analysis, this study highlights the impact of global communication and modernization on language development, demonstrating how English borrowings serve as a reflection of contemporary societal changes in Uzbekistan and Afghanistan. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of linguistic borrowing phenomena and the role of English in shaping modern lexical landscapes in Central Asia and the broader region.

METHODS OF INDICATING AND DESCRIBING INTONATION IN ENGLISH

Yakubjanova Pokiza — 2025-01-08

The main factors in intonation are variations in the pitch of the voice. Two of the most popular models of intonation are presented in this article, which should be useful for second language teachers and textbook authors for their own research and for creating course material. In the English language, intonation is often accompanied by stress and rhythm to produce meaning. It is also easier for readers to understand recent primary material on the characteristics of intonation, particularly in relation to languages. It is difficult for second language teachers to use the results of intonation research because of this gap between intonation as it is used in instruction and intonation research. In this piece, I discuss the basic subjects covered in current theoretical research as well as the different approaches intonation may take.

THE ROLE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INCREASING EMPLOYMENT IN UZBEKISTAN

Mukhtarova Umida Karimovna — 2025-01-10

This article examines the relationship between economic growth and employment in Uzbekistan, employment in economic sectors, effective employment, and the extent to which economic growth meets the need to increase the number of jobs and improve labor productivity. The main directions of increasing employment in Uzbekistan are highlighted.

THE IMPORTANCE OF VOICE NARRATION IN LEARNING THE ALPHABET THROUGH THE SCRATCH PROGRAM AND DEVELOPING THE IMAGINATION OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Sadoqat Kholiqulovna Normurodova — 2025-01-13

The article explores the possibilities of developing students' imagination and creative thinking skills through voice integration in learning using the "Scratch" programming language. Encouraging students to animate and practice the pronunciation of alphabet letters enhances their comprehension and retention. By utilizing these letters to find similarities in meaning and structure, identify differences between words, create meanings from initial letters, and play games like "find the letter" or pictorial puzzles, along with visualizing games through scripts on stage, students' imagination is stimulated. This method effectively supports the assimilation of creative thinking techniques such as analogy, comparison, and generalization.

CLINICAL AND LABORATORY MANIFESTATIONS OF JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Mallaev Sh.Sh. — 2025-01-17

The article describes the clinical and laboratory features of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and the consequences of the disease after treatment with chronotherapy. Clinical features of the disease, laboratory analysis results are important when choosing an effective treatment method. An effective treatment method is characterized by a faster onset of remission, prolongation of its duration and reduction of side effects of drug treatment.